
Abstract: As we all know, the prefix "geo-textile" stands
for "earth," and the word "textile" refers to thread,yarn
or fabric. Therefore, the geo-textile is described as follows in accordance
with ASTM 4439:"A permeable geo-synthetic comprised solely of textiles. Geo-textiles
are used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical
engineering-related material as an integral part of human-made project,
structure, or system."Geo textile can be a single constructed material or
a composite material depending on usage & the origin can be both natural
and man-made.
The ASAE (Society for Engineering in Agricultural, Food, and
Biological Systems) defines a geo-textile as a "fabric or synthetic
material placed between the soil and a pipe, gabion, or retaining wall: to
enhance water movement and retard soil movement, and as a blanket to add
reinforcement and separation." A solid network that maintains its relative
structure during handling, installation, and long-term use should be the
foundation of every geotextile. Geo-textile cloth, agricultural fabric, and
geo-synthetic are further terminology that are utilized by the industry for
comparable materials and uses.
Keywords: Roads, Geo-textile , Jute
Geo-Textile , Soil stability
1.
INTRODUCTION:
One type of fiber that tackles
geo-technical issues is jute. It is made of several types of coir geotextile,
jute geotextile, and blends of various fibers. Geotextiles can be used to
manage mild landslides, eroding slopes of roads and railroad embankments, river
embankments, and the management of solid waste. They can also prevent railway
track settlement. Currently, roughly 20,000 tons of jute are utilized worldwide
for geo textiles, making up about 2% of the market. Since 1980, the jute geo
textile market has grown by twofold.
Jute geo textile has some benefits.
It is biodegradable and does not degrade soil fertility. It is highly
hygroscopic and can absorb water as well as help consolidate soil, increase
soil flexibility, and, most importantly, it is less expensive than synthetic
fibers. Because raw materials are locally available, this item can be produced
in the country's jute mills. This can even be made from low-quality jute
In Bangladesh,Jute geo textile has previously been used
locally in projects such as the Hatirjheel project, the road from the Prime
Minister's office to Agargaon in the capital, the Pakulla-Lawhati road in
Tangail, the 7 km road between Dhaka and Sylhet Highway, Thanchi-Alikadam road,
Pathoraj river bank protection,Noabenki-Garazehat-Harinagarhat LGED road
Shayamnagar. It is now used all over the world, including the United States and
Australia. It is less harmful to the environment than traditional geotextiles.
Bangladesh is the leading producer of jute geotextiles. It's a novel concept,
and if the use of geo textiles could be expanded, jute demand and cultivation
would skyrocket.
Fields of geo-textile application
The main functions of geo-textiles make them suitable for
application to many practical problems (Ingold& Miller, 1988). These are a
few of the applications:
•
Yards and temporary roads
•
Permanent highways
•
Permanent road repair
•
Railway lines
•
Soft ground embankments
•
Applications for drainage
•
Applications for retaining
walls
•
Erosion prevention
The majority of these applications
are especially well suited to the geological features found in many parts of
India, Bangladesh, South-East Asia, China, and Japan. In these areas, large
areas of alluvial and marine deposits contain soft clay with high
compressibility and low shear strength. Even with minor superimposed loads,
they cause stability and settlement issues.Geosynthetics have been widely used
in various construction projects in India in recent years. These materials are
highly resistant to biological and chemical degradation, and they have the
tensile strength and permeability required for direct ground treatment
applications. Geotextiles made of natural fibers, such as jute, have high
permeability but are biodegradable and have lower tensile strength in general.
They have not received as much attention as geosynthetics. As a result, their
application has been limited thus far.
A practical observation of soil
erosion control and slope stability using jute
geo-textile on Dhaka Sylhet highway
Name of the Project:
Soil Erosion Control and Slope
Stability Using Jute Geo-textile on Dhaka - Sylhet Highway
Design By : DR. ZAHID HOSSAIN
PRODHAN
National Resource Person
Member, International Geo-synthetic
Society (IGS),
USA
Member, International Erosion
Control Association
(IECA), USA
Managing Director, Arcadia Property
Development
Ltd. (APDL)
Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Implementing
Agency:
Roads and Highways Division
Govt. of Bangladesh
Funding
Agency:
World Bank
&
Govt. of Bangladesh
Project Brief:
The project aims to control erosion
and protect the slopes on the Dhaka Sylhet Highway, which stretches for 7
kilometers near Bhairab, about 80 kilometers from Dhaka. created by
Dr. ZahidHossainProdhan developed
this low-cost mechanism for erosion control and slope protection using locally
available raw materials such as Jute. The full-scale model was first
successfully tested by Arcadia Property Development Ltd. (APDL) in the premises
of BJRI (Bangladesh Jute Research Institute) and then implemented by BJRI in
the Pakulla-Lawahati Road Project in Delduarupazilla, Tangail District.
Salient features of Technology:
1.
It improves the
stability of reinforced earth structures.
2.
It creates an environmentally friendly interaction between
the soil mass and the Jute Geotextile. The section of the Dhaka-Sylhet Highway
that requires protection from soil erosion consists primarily of sand-silted
soil that is prone to damage and erosion from floods and other natural processes.
The use of Jute Geotextiles for erosion control and slope protection is likely
to provide the best solution. Jute Geotextile Benefits: Jute Geotextile is
significantly less expensive than any other synthetic fiber available locally.
It blends easily with soil mass to provide stability. Jute Geo textile is both
environmentally friendly and unprocessed jute is water repellent which has a
phobia towards water.
IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS
Materials
=> Carrying => Treatment =>Labour =>Logistics
Miscellaneous
=>Design & Supervision
Stage 1: Jute Fabric Chemical Treatment:
Jute fiber typically swells and degrades in water within six
months. As a result, some chemical treatment is required to extend its life.
Jute Geotextile is expected to last for about ten years after treatment. Among
the treatments are:
1. Treatment for rot prevention
2. Treatment for removing natural impurities
3. Treatment with a material of a
specific density
4. Treatment with a viscosity-specific
material
5. Grease treatment based on calcium.
6. Treatment for improving flexibility
Stage 2: Filtration and drainage
1. Geotextile made of jute
2. Horizontal Drain Preparation
3. Vertical Drain Preparation
Stage 3: After levelling, dressing, and manual compaction to
a specified level, Jute Geotextile is laid in accordance with the approved
design.
Types of Jute Geo-textiles (JGT)
selected for Bangladesh
v
For rural road Construction : 627,724,and 760 gsm (woven)
v
For river Bank Protection : 627 Gsm (woven, Bitumen or
otherwise treated)
v
For Hill Slope Management : 500,600 and 700 gsm (open Weave)
Application of JGT:
Type of Application | Location | District/Upazilla | Executing agency | ||
|
|
|
|
| |
Rural | road | Turag-Rohitpur- | Dhaka/Keranigonj | RHD | |
construction |
| Bourvita road |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rural | road | Circular | road Savar | Dhaka/Savar | LGED & SWO |
construction |
| Cantonment |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Rural | road | NoabenkiShamnagar | Satkhira/ Shamnagar | LGED | |
construction |
| Road |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rural | road | South | Para(Kanda | Bancharampur/Brahmanbaria | LGED |
construction |
| Para) Road |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Rural | road | Tezkhali-Titas river- | Bancharampur/Brahmanbaria | LGED | |
construction |
| Chandumia Road |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
| |
Rural | road | Pakulla-Lawhati | Tangail | APDL & LGED | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
Rural | road | Dhaka-Sylhet |
| RHD | |
construction(Slope) | Highway |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rural | road | Saibor-Kaligang- | Lohagara/Narail | LGED | ||
construction |
| Mithapur bazaar |
|
| ||
|
| Road |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
River Bank |
| Pathoraj River |
| Panchagar/Boda | BWDB | |
Protection |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
River | Bank | Garai River |
| Rajbari/Baliakandi | BWDB | |
Protection |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
River | Bank | MadarpurBeel Route | Mkshodpur/Gopalganj | BWDB | ||
Protection |
| (MBR) Channel |
|
| ||
|
|
|
|
|
| |
River | Bank | Shakbaria river |
| Koyra/Satkhira-2 | BWDB | |
Protection |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
River | Bank | Kazibacha river | Batiaghat/Khulna | BWDB | ||
Protection |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Hill | Slope | Thanchi-Alikadam | Thanchi/Bandarban | SWO | ||
Management |
| Road | (36 | Meter |
|
|
|
| Uphill | Segment) |
|
| |
|
| Located on 14.75 km |
|
| ||
|
| point |
|
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| ||
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| ||
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|
|
|
|
|
|
Hill | Slope | Thanchi-Alikadam | Thanchi/Bandarban | SWO |
Management |
| Road (18 Meter |
|
|
|
| Downhill Segment) |
|
|
|
| Located on 11.7 km |
|
|
|
| point |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.2 Organizations Involved with jute
Geo-textile Project
v
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
v
Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI)
v
Soil Resources Development Institute (SRDI)
v
Local Government Engineering Department (LGED)
v
Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB)
v
Roads and Highway Department (RHD)
v
Special Works Organization (SWO) of Armed Forces Division
v
Bangladesh Jute Mills Corporation (BJMC)
v
Janata Jute Mills Limited (JJML)
v
Arcadia Property Development Ltd. ( APDL)
v
Jute Diversification Promotion Centre ( JPDC )
Proposed Strategy for jute geo-textile:
Bangladesh must diversify in order
to reclaim the golden age of jute. Jute Geotextile is one of these elements of
various approaches. Jute geotextile is becoming increasingly popular in the
international market. The following steps can be taken to increase demand and
hold the jute geotextile market.
The
supply and demand principle underpins all market economics. The goal is to
constantly increase demand while also balancing supply and demand. If supply
fails to meet demand in the market, the purchaser has a reliable alternative sources of supply.
There is already a market for erosion control products made
from jute geotextiles, but supply is falling short of demand. If this situation
continues, the jute geotextile market will die.
At the moment, the selling market is a price-driven
technology market. In other words, the product is a low-tech product that is
exported at a low cost. Foreign importers and distributors create demand for
the product because they can make a lot of money selling it to the end user. By
selling more products at the current profit margin, the jute geotextile
manufacturer can make more money.
Profit margins can be increased further by adding value to
the product. Normally, Bangladesh exports basic jute geotextile that has not
been treated in any way. Because the superior product, application technology,
and product promotion have been invested in, the product can be sold at a
higher profit margin than its inferior competition. Jute geotextiles can be
improved by treating them according to their intended use. Unfortunately, the
currently available jute geotextile has no market in a commercially developed
country. However, the market for this product in developed countries has
recently increased.
Discussion & Result
The works described in this paper
primarily concern the use of JGT in road construction, erosion control, and
hill stabilization. Road design and erosion control are more important in
Bangladesh. We discovered that the treated JGT is used in road construction. As
a result, the road strength and durability are higher than on a normal road
without JGT. We also discovered that the roads are becoming stronger by the
day. 627 and 724 GSM are commonly used in rural road construction. However,
depending on the road's condition, less GSM may be used in road construction.
Woven jute fabrics are more commonly used for this purpose. We also discovered
that JGT was used in the hatirjheel project which was implemented by Bangladesh
Army. On January 2, 2013, it was opened.The currently is in good condition. We
were also aware of the Dhaka-Shylet highway. Now that road's performance is
also good, and it is being monitored for JGT standardization and accreditation.
Synthetic geotextile is very
expensive, and it must be imported using foreign currency. Bangladesh is a
flood-prone region. We have to spend a lot of money to keep our rural roads in
good condition. So we could use Jute Geotextile to keep our communication
network operational all year.Jute as a geotechnical apparatus in construction
is easily available in the global market and moreover it's more sustainable
than synthetic apparatus. Geotextiles are extremely useful in a variety of
applications, particularly civil construction.
REFERENCE
1.
Jute Geotextiles And Their Applications,DR A.B.M. ABDULLAH,
Former Executive Director (JDPC).
2.
An Introduction to Jute/Allied fibers properties and
processing Abdullah, Latifa, Matin, International Jute Organization ,Dhaka-1992
4.
www.ijsg.com
5.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotechnical_engineering
6.
Jute Geotextiles –Technical Potential & Commercial
Prospects, Dr. Abdul Jabbar Khan, Professor, Department Of Civil
Engineering(BUET)
7.
Application Of Jute Geotextile For Different Structures
Including Rural Roads With Slope Protection. Dr. ZahidHossainProdhan, Managing
Director, Arcadia Property Development Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh.
8.
Technical Assessment of Jute geotextile For civil
Engineering Application, Dr. Abdul Jabbar Khan, Professor, Department Of Civil
Engineering(BUET)
9.
www. bjri.com
10. BJRI Annual Technical Report -2001.
11. Main Imam Musa, Project Coordinator,
JGT Project, Bangladesh part.
12. Prof. Dr. MahbubulHaque, Head, Dept.
of TE, Daffodil International University.
13. National seminar on Jute geo-textile
, April 01, 2014;
14. Study on Jute Geo-Textile(Road, River bank & Hill slope
stabilization)Course code: TE-417,Course title: Project (Thesis)Submitted by
MD.SADIKUL ISLAM & MD.ASADUZZAMAN
Supervised by Dr. Md. Mahbubul Haque
Professor & Head Department of TE Daffodil International University
Venturing into the domain of sustainable infrastructure, I am eager to shed light on the transformative potential of jute geotextiles in road construction. Freshly graduated in civil engineering, I am fuelled by a passion for innovative solutions that harmonize engineering practices with environmental stewardship. In this article, I embark on a journey to unveil the versatility and benefits of integrating jute geotextiles into road infrastructure projects. Drawing from my academic training and fervour for sustainability, I invite you to join me in exploring how this eco-friendly alternative can revolutionize the way we build roads, paving the way towards a greener, more resilient future.
Mahi Abrar
Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh Army University
of Engineering and Technology